Major challenges facing the south 1 sudan economy 1 other countries in subsaharan africa with low population densities include. Angola, botswana, central african republic, chad, gabon, mali, mauritania, namibia, niger, somalia, sudan and zambia. Consequently, the regional organization, igad swiftly launched the peace process on saturday 4th january 2014, in order to halt the crisis in south sudan. Jan 27, 2011 five challenges south sudan will face after referendum although some results from south sudan s referendum still need to be made official, sudanese and international observers are beginning to. Igads engagement in the sudan peace process began on 7 september 1993 when it established a standing committee on peace to assist negotiations and end sudans civil war. It discusses the dynamics and challenges of reintegrating excombatants into local communities in light of the current security environment, and considers.
The purpose of study is to evaluate the challenges of igadled peace process of south sudan. In anticipation of celebrations marking the independence of south sudan on july 9, 2011, a youth in the capital city of juba holds the nascent countrys flag. Challenges for south sudan and the role of the international. Eff ective management and development of these resources off ers the prospect. Its capital and largest city is juba south sudan is bordered by sudan to the north, ethiopia to the east, kenya. Pdf evaluating the challenges of igadled peace process of. The research is set to investigate the effectiveness of igad in promoting regional diplomacy. Ambassador to the united nations, susan rice, to south sudans independence celebration in july 2011.
South sudan had decided to use english as the preferred language in schools. Five challenges south sudan will face after referendum. That effort was intended to complement, rather than replace, the igad mediation. The country profile on south sudan was prepared under the overall coordination and substantive guidance of deputy executive secretary for knowledge delivery of eca, giovanie biha. Challenges faced by government in the collection of taxes the current policy of the government of uganda is to move away from over reliance on foreign assistance to meet the annual national budget. It briefly outlines how ddr is currently implemented as well as its progress to date. South sudan peace deal offers promising end to conflict. Asha rahim, associate professor university of juba.
International crisis group and the embassy of japan in belgium cohosted the event from prolonged crisis to sustainable peace. Terrorism has been source of grave threats to the igad regions peace and development. Challenges faced in the classrooms include language disparities, ununified curriculum, teacher absenteeism, teachers who are untrained, and overcrowded classrooms. It gained independence from the republic of the sudan in 2011, making it the most recent sovereign state with widespread recognition. Despite it won its independence after a long and bitter struggle on 9 july 2011, the much expected peace dividends of the independence. Igad has also put in place a regional conflict early warning mechanism. Current status of agriculture and future challenges in sudan. The main author of the south sudan country profile was dr. Pdf the purpose of study is to evaluate the challenges of igadled peace process of south sudan. Challenges for south sudan and the role of the international community, on 17 november 2015 in brussels to discuss how to support the august peace agreement to end south sudans civil war. Pdf evaluating the challenges of igadled peace process. The united nations mission in the republic of south sudan unmiss. In an annual report released in september, the united nations secretary general put south sudan on a blacklist of 38 states where individuals faced intimidation or reprisals for cooperating with.
Jul 18, 2011 south sudan has the worlds worst maternal mortality rate, a fifth of all children are acutely malnourished and only 10% of children complete primary school. Protecting civilians in a volatile environment eli stamnes the united nations mission in the republic of south sudan unmiss was established by security council resolution 1996 on 8 july 2011, in order to support this fledging state in consolidating peace and security. South sudan as a state has borne out of the protracted civil wars that have been waged for decades in the sudan. Igads mediation in the current south sudan conflict. The revitalized agreement on the resolution of conflict in south sudan is a typical powersharing settlement, rooted in both democratic and conflict management theories. However, some of the groups who face particula r deprivations are listed below. At this highlevel meeting, a number of action against hunger s field and hq managers put forward their views alongside representatives.
A regional approach to the crisis in south sudan on july 16, 2015, the wilson center africa program hosted a discussion on the conflict in south sudan and the role of the intergovernmental authority on development igad, the u. The study established that the challenges facing igad in mediation of the conflict in south sudan emanated from the fact that conflict was a very complex one. Lack of developed trunk and feeder roads and, other types of infrastructure railwayrolling stock, electricity and transport systems as well as ict inhibit movement of goods and services into and out of rural areas, increases the cost of. Igad initiated a peace initiative to resolve conflict in southern sudan inthemid 1990s. Th e land, water and mineral resource base of south sudan are substantial in relation to the relatively small population of the country. Current status of agriculture and future challenges in sudan 2. Igads commitment to the government of south sudan responding to the skills shortage and the need for increased capacity in the civil service, three igad member states. Evaluating the challenges of igadled peace process of. Pdf this paper examines the challenges and prospects of.
Since 1993, djibouti, ethiopia, kenya, south sudan and uganda have faced terrorist attacks by harakat al shabaab al mujahidden al shabaab and the lords resistance army lra operating in uganda and south sudan. Although south sudans declaration of independence was met with much celebration and international recognition, attention was also focused on the many challenges facing the nascent country. The focus in this study is on sudan before the secession of southern sudan. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service 1 background south sudan emerged in 2011 as the worlds newest country, and one of its least developed. Eventually, south sudan conducted a referendum on july 9, 2011 that resulted to south sudan being declared an independent nation. Ismail wais, presided over a twoday workshop for the security mechanisms of the revitalized agreement of the resolution of the conflict on south sudan rarcss. Its objective is to evaluate and assess the challenges surrounding the south sudan peace process. Igad welcomes the republic of south sudan as a new east african. South sudan peace process the challenge to the implementation. The study focuses on settlement experiences and the community understanding of settlement challenges. But a 2018 peace agreement, signed five years after the 20 conflict began, has inspired hope for a lasting peace treaty. Challenges faced in agricultural sector of south sudan poor and inadequate infrastructure. The national dialogue initiative in south sudan accord.
In its objectives, it sought generally to analyze the effectiveness of regional organizations in africa in promoting regional peace and. Educational inequalities in south sudan can be attributed to a number of factors. Challenges and conditions for deploying an effective. The igad conference the inter governmental authority on development igad intended to take this opportunity in order to provide a space for reflections on some of the key peace and security issues in the region before the end of the year. Due to a long civil war in sudan between the southern and the northern sudanese, many people from the south sudan region were displaced and forced to seek refuge in other countries, including australia. A recent international meeting hosted by action against hunger in paris looked at some of the challenges facing humanitarian agencies working in conflict, in particular the strategic use of famine as a weapon of war. Opportunities and challenges for africas newest country congressional research service 2 2011.
North sudan and south sudan have been discussing pending issues such as border demarcation, especially concerning the oilrich abyei region, which by 2003 contributed more than a quarter of the countrys total crude oil output, although production volumes have declined since and some reports suggest that the regions reserves are nearing depletion. The united nations mission in the republic of south sudan. Challenges and conditions for deploying an effective regional. Situation assessment of children and women in south sudan. Emergingcontemporary peace and security challenges in the igad region scope. The purpose of study is to evaluate the challenges of igad led peace process of south sudan. South sudan lacks the capacity to deliver basic services to its people and demands are likely to increase in the coming years. The region has about 6960 km of coastline with the indian ocean, gulf of aden, gulf of toudjoura and the red sea. To tackle the food security challenge, it is essential to clearly understand the causes of food insecurity particularly as it applies to the igad region.
It was signed in addis ababa on the 12th of september 2018 with the aim to end the fiveyear civil conflict in south sudan. South sudan faces serious challenges in the coming years. Igad s mediation in the current south sudan conflict. Nevertheless, the peace process faced enormous internal and external challenges during the peace talk and also at present the joint monitoring and evolution commission jmec is facing. The theoretical foundation of the study is the ripeness theory as proposed by william zartman in his study of conflict resolution in studies starting from the 1980s. The report is based on field research in south sudan in. With its limited resources, and challenges within its member states, the following results can be attributed to the efforts of igad. Republic of south sudan is faced with enormous challenges if it is to ensure.
Three major factors limited igads mediation and remain a challenge. There are a number of unresolved issues between the governments of sudan and south sudan, which could pose a serious threat to peace and stability in both countries. Many attempts at ceasefires and peace deals have failed in south sudan. Conflict in south sudan and challenges ahead every crs report. The 14 december 2016 announcement of a national dialogue initiative in south sudan by the countrys leader, president salva kiir mayardit, although met with divergent reactions locally, regionally and internationally, presented a rare and convenient opportunity for south sudanese to engage, build peace and reconcile. There are also certain traditional cultural ideas about women which make it more difficult for girls to get an education than their male counterparts. The effectiveness of igad in promoting regional diplomacy. The lack of funds and infrastructure, along with a poor and mostly illiterate population makes establishing an effective education system challenging. I declare that this dissertation managing the challenges of conflict transformation and peacebuilding in south sudan is a product of my own independent research work and has not been previously submitted for publication or any other degree programme or examination at any university. Igads approach to solve the problems of south sudan in the last few days reveals a shocking lack of a clear thought out strategy to address the problems of south sudan.
In fact igad does not have any credible strategy and what it is doing is a copy and paste job using the template of the comprehensive peace agreement between the splm and the. Indeed this is also the goal for the 7 member countries of the igad region, namely djibouti, eritrea, ethiopia, kenya, somalia sudan and uganda. South sudan has the worlds worst maternal mortality rate, a fifth of all children are acutely malnourished and only 10% of children complete primary school. Challenges faced by government in the collection of taxes. After almost 40 years of war between the sudan government and southern insurgents, southern sudanese voted in a january 2011 referendum to secede from sudan. Evaluating the challenges of igadled peace process of south. The first part comprises the introduction and general country information. Role of igad in resolving the conflict in south sudan. Challenges faced in agricultural sector of south sudan. Igad initiated a peace initiative to resolve conflict in. For readers completely unfamiliar with the region, see solomon. Governments aim is to finance the budget through collection of local taxes.