Three major factors limited igads mediation and remain a challenge. Challenges and conditions for deploying an effective. Its objective is to evaluate and assess the challenges surrounding the south sudan peace process. In anticipation of celebrations marking the independence of south sudan on july 9, 2011, a youth in the capital city of juba holds the nascent countrys flag. Challenges and conditions for deploying an effective regional. Angola, botswana, central african republic, chad, gabon, mali, mauritania, namibia, niger, somalia, sudan and zambia. The lack of funds and infrastructure, along with a poor and mostly illiterate population makes establishing an effective education system challenging. Igad welcomes the republic of south sudan as a new east african. The united nations mission in the republic of south sudan. But a 2018 peace agreement, signed five years after the 20 conflict began, has inspired hope for a lasting peace treaty.
Evaluating the challenges of igadled peace process of. There are a number of unresolved issues between the governments of sudan and south sudan, which could pose a serious threat to peace and stability in both countries. South sudan peace deal offers promising end to conflict. It briefly outlines how ddr is currently implemented as well as its progress to date. Eventually, south sudan conducted a referendum on july 9, 2011 that resulted to south sudan being declared an independent nation. Pdf evaluating the challenges of igadled peace process of. Igad was able to secure the acceptance of the government of south sudan in principle to the deployment of a rpf but only after conceding that, the composition, mandate, armament, deployment, timing and funding shall be agreed upon by the transitional government of national unity tgonu and troop contributing countries tccs. Asha rahim, associate professor university of juba. Igads approach to solve the problems of south sudan in the last few days reveals a shocking lack of a clear thought out strategy to address the problems of south sudan. Pdf evaluating the challenges of igadled peace process. It was signed in addis ababa on the 12th of september 2018 with the aim to end the fiveyear civil conflict in south sudan. Terrorism has been source of grave threats to the igad regions peace and development.
Nevertheless, the peace process faced enormous internal and external challenges during the peace talk and also at present the joint monitoring and evolution commission jmec is facing. Challenges faced in agricultural sector of south sudan. Ismail wais, presided over a twoday workshop for the security mechanisms of the revitalized agreement of the resolution of the conflict on south sudan rarcss. It gained independence from the republic of the sudan in 2011, making it the most recent sovereign state with widespread recognition. Igad has also put in place a regional conflict early warning mechanism. Five challenges south sudan will face after referendum.
At this highlevel meeting, a number of action against hunger s field and hq managers put forward their views alongside representatives. Security council, report of the secretarygeneral on. The purpose of study is to evaluate the challenges of igad led peace process of south sudan. Eff ective management and development of these resources off ers the prospect. Protecting civilians in a volatile environment eli stamnes the united nations mission in the republic of south sudan unmiss was established by security council resolution 1996 on 8 july 2011, in order to support this fledging state in consolidating peace and security. The study established that the challenges facing igad in mediation of the conflict in south sudan emanated from the fact that conflict was a very complex one. North sudan and south sudan have been discussing pending issues such as border demarcation, especially concerning the oilrich abyei region, which by 2003 contributed more than a quarter of the countrys total crude oil output, although production volumes have declined since and some reports suggest that the regions reserves are nearing depletion. In an annual report released in september, the united nations secretary general put south sudan on a blacklist of 38 states where individuals faced intimidation or reprisals for cooperating with. Challenges faced by government in the collection of taxes. Jul 18, 2011 south sudan has the worlds worst maternal mortality rate, a fifth of all children are acutely malnourished and only 10% of children complete primary school. Pdf this paper examines the challenges and prospects of. In fact igad does not have any credible strategy and what it is doing is a copy and paste job using the template of the comprehensive peace agreement between the splm and the. The national dialogue initiative in south sudan accord.
Challenges for south sudan and the role of the international community, on 17 november 2015 in brussels to discuss how to support the august peace agreement to end south sudans civil war. Role of igad in resolving the conflict in south sudan. The report is based on field research in south sudan in. Jan 27, 2011 five challenges south sudan will face after referendum although some results from south sudan s referendum still need to be made official, sudanese and international observers are beginning to.
Opportunities and challenges for africas newest country congressional research service 2 2011. Igad initiated a peace initiative to resolve conflict in southern sudan inthemid 1990s. There are also certain traditional cultural ideas about women which make it more difficult for girls to get an education than their male counterparts. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service 1 background south sudan emerged in 2011 as the worlds newest country, and one of its least developed. Although south sudans declaration of independence was met with much celebration and international recognition, attention was also focused on the many challenges facing the nascent country. However, some of the groups who face particula r deprivations are listed below. The united nations mission in the republic of south sudan unmiss. That effort was intended to complement, rather than replace, the igad mediation. Th e land, water and mineral resource base of south sudan are substantial in relation to the relatively small population of the country. Major challenges facing the south 1 sudan economy 1 other countries in subsaharan africa with low population densities include. Pdf the purpose of study is to evaluate the challenges of igadled peace process of south sudan.
Conflict in south sudan and challenges ahead every crs report. The country profile on south sudan was prepared under the overall coordination and substantive guidance of deputy executive secretary for knowledge delivery of eca, giovanie biha. South sudan lacks the capacity to deliver basic services to its people and demands are likely to increase in the coming years. Republic of south sudan is faced with enormous challenges if it is to ensure. Educational inequalities in south sudan can be attributed to a number of factors. Current status of agriculture and future challenges in sudan 2. Challenges faced in agricultural sector of south sudan poor and inadequate infrastructure. Lack of developed trunk and feeder roads and, other types of infrastructure railwayrolling stock, electricity and transport systems as well as ict inhibit movement of goods and services into and out of rural areas, increases the cost of.
Igads commitment to the government of south sudan responding to the skills shortage and the need for increased capacity in the civil service, three igad member states. I declare that this dissertation managing the challenges of conflict transformation and peacebuilding in south sudan is a product of my own independent research work and has not been previously submitted for publication or any other degree programme or examination at any university. The theoretical foundation of the study is the ripeness theory as proposed by william zartman in his study of conflict resolution in studies starting from the 1980s. Igad initiated a peace initiative to resolve conflict in.
The study focuses on settlement experiences and the community understanding of settlement challenges. Igads mediation in the current south sudan conflict. The effectiveness of igad in promoting regional diplomacy. The main author of the south sudan country profile was dr. Emergingcontemporary peace and security challenges in the igad region scope. A recent international meeting hosted by action against hunger in paris looked at some of the challenges facing humanitarian agencies working in conflict, in particular the strategic use of famine as a weapon of war. Igad s mediation in the current south sudan conflict. The focus in this study is on sudan before the secession of southern sudan. The revitalized agreement on the resolution of conflict in south sudan is a typical powersharing settlement, rooted in both democratic and conflict management theories. For readers completely unfamiliar with the region, see solomon. South sudan peace process the challenge to the implementation. Challenges for south sudan and the role of the international.
South sudan has the worlds worst maternal mortality rate, a fifth of all children are acutely malnourished and only 10% of children complete primary school. The igad conference the inter governmental authority on development igad intended to take this opportunity in order to provide a space for reflections on some of the key peace and security issues in the region before the end of the year. Evaluating the challenges of igadled peace process of south. Ambassador to the united nations, susan rice, to south sudans independence celebration in july 2011. The 14 december 2016 announcement of a national dialogue initiative in south sudan by the countrys leader, president salva kiir mayardit, although met with divergent reactions locally, regionally and internationally, presented a rare and convenient opportunity for south sudanese to engage, build peace and reconcile.
The research is set to investigate the effectiveness of igad in promoting regional diplomacy. The region has about 6960 km of coastline with the indian ocean, gulf of aden, gulf of toudjoura and the red sea. The first part comprises the introduction and general country information. Consequently, the regional organization, igad swiftly launched the peace process on saturday 4th january 2014, in order to halt the crisis in south sudan. With its limited resources, and challenges within its member states, the following results can be attributed to the efforts of igad. It discusses the dynamics and challenges of reintegrating excombatants into local communities in light of the current security environment, and considers. Challenges faced by government in the collection of taxes the current policy of the government of uganda is to move away from over reliance on foreign assistance to meet the annual national budget. Many attempts at ceasefires and peace deals have failed in south sudan. Igads engagement in the sudan peace process began on 7 september 1993 when it established a standing committee on peace to assist negotiations and end sudans civil war. The purpose of study is to evaluate the challenges of igadled peace process of south sudan.
Current status of agriculture and future challenges in sudan. To tackle the food security challenge, it is essential to clearly understand the causes of food insecurity particularly as it applies to the igad region. In its objectives, it sought generally to analyze the effectiveness of regional organizations in africa in promoting regional peace and. South sudan as a state has borne out of the protracted civil wars that have been waged for decades in the sudan. After almost 40 years of war between the sudan government and southern insurgents, southern sudanese voted in a january 2011 referendum to secede from sudan. Since 1993, djibouti, ethiopia, kenya, south sudan and uganda have faced terrorist attacks by harakat al shabaab al mujahidden al shabaab and the lords resistance army lra operating in uganda and south sudan.
Situation assessment of children and women in south sudan. Challenges faced in the classrooms include language disparities, ununified curriculum, teacher absenteeism, teachers who are untrained, and overcrowded classrooms. A regional approach to the crisis in south sudan on july 16, 2015, the wilson center africa program hosted a discussion on the conflict in south sudan and the role of the intergovernmental authority on development igad, the u. Indeed this is also the goal for the 7 member countries of the igad region, namely djibouti, eritrea, ethiopia, kenya, somalia sudan and uganda. Governments aim is to finance the budget through collection of local taxes. International crisis group and the embassy of japan in belgium cohosted the event from prolonged crisis to sustainable peace.
Its capital and largest city is juba south sudan is bordered by sudan to the north, ethiopia to the east, kenya. South sudan faces serious challenges in the coming years. South sudan had decided to use english as the preferred language in schools. Despite it won its independence after a long and bitter struggle on 9 july 2011, the much expected peace dividends of the independence.